The US Treasury

The Department of Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the US federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet.

Besides the Secretary, one of the best-know Treasury officials is the Treasurer of the US, who receives and keeps the money the US, Facsimile signatures of the Secretary and the Treasurer appear on all modern US currency.

The basic functions of the Department of the Treasury include:

(1) Managing federal finances,

(2) Collecting taxes, duties, and monies paid to and due to the US and paying all bills of the US

(3) Producing all postage stamps, currency, and coinage,

(4)Supervising national banks and thrift institutions,

(5)Advising on domestic and internatonal financial, monetary, economic, trade and tax policy (fiscal policy being the sum of these, and the ultimate responsibility of Congress.

(6) Enforcing Federal finance and tax laws,

(7) Investigating and prosecuting tax evaders, counterfeiters, forgers, smugglers, illicit spirits distillers, and gun law violators.

With respect to the estimation of revenues for the exexutive branch, Treasury serves a purpose parallel to that of the Office of Management and Budget for the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress, and the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress.
The term Treasury reform usually refers narrowly to reform of monetary policy and related economic policy and accounting reform. The broader term monetary reform usually refers to reform of policy of institutions such as the International Monetary Fund.

Source: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury>